Consensus recommendations on the evaluation and treatment of congenital laryngeal clefts / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Congenital laryngeal cleft is a rare airway malformation, mainly manifested as choking, feeding difficulties, which affects the growth and development of children. Patients with a severe laryngeal cleft may have recurrent aspiration, leading to cyanotic spells, or even death. Advances in development of endoscopic techniques have made early diagnosis possible. Depending on the degree of cleft, management may involve a variety of approaches ranging from medical management alone to open repair. Therefore, it is important for pediatric ENT doctors to diagnose and evaluate in clinical practice. This consensus statement, developed by the Pediatric otorhinolaryngology Professional Committee of the Pediatrician Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, provides comprehensive recommendations and standardized guidance on diagnosis and management of laryngeal cleft, based on symptomatology, physical examinations, and laboratory tests.

Neurofibromatosis laríngea: a propósito de un caso / Laryngeal neurofibromatosis: a case report

Resumen El neurofibroma laríngeo es poco frecuente, representa menos del 0,1% de las neoplasias benignas de la laringe. Puede presentarse aislado, o más comúnmente asociado a neurofibromatosis tipo I. Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 40 años, ya diagnosticado de neurofibromatosis tipo I, que presenta masa supraglótica submucosa asintomática, diagnosticada como hallazgo casual en una intubación por una cirugía previa programada.

Abstract Laryngeal neurofibroma is rare, representing less than 0.1% of benign tumors of the larynx. It can occur in isolation or more commonly associated with type I neurofibromatosis. The case of a 40-year-old male patient, already diagnosed with type I neurofibromatosis, is presented with an asymptomatic submucosal supraglottic mass, diagnosed as a chance finding in intubation due to a previous scheduled surgery.

Rabdomiosarcoma laríngeo en un adulto, descripción de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Adult laryngeal rhabdomyosarcoma. Case report and literature review

Resumen El rabdomiosarcoma laríngeo es un cáncer infrecuente en cabeza y cuello, y aún más en adultos. Describimos el caso de un varón de 55 años con un rabdomiosarcoma del músculo cricoaritenoideo posterior izquierdo tratado mediante laringectomía total y linfadenectomía funcional bilateral.

Abstract Laryngeal rhabdomyosarcoma is an uncommon cancer in head and neck, especially in adults. We report a 55 years old male with a rhabdomyosarcoma from the left posterior cricoarytenoid muscle treated with a total laryngectomy and double functional cervical lymphadenectomy.

Residue localization and risk for aspiration in partial laryngectomy: the relevance of assertive therapeutic strategies and resources

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the correlation between the residues, their anatomical location and the presence of laryngotracheal penetration and aspiration in patients after supracricoid laryngectomy undergoing cricohyoidoepiglotopexy reconstruction. Methods: This study included 70 patients treated by supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglotopexy reconstruction in a referral national cancer hospital. The patients were submitted to swallowing videofluoroscopy, and the findings were classified by the penetration and aspiration scale. The images were described observing the presence or absence of residues and their anatomical location. Results: The prevalence of penetration in this study was 68.6% and aspiration was 34.3%. An association was found between the presence of residue on the tongue (p=0.005), posterior pharyngeal wall (p=0.013), pyriform recesses (p=0.002), valecula (p=0.061), and laryngeal penetration. The residue in the upper esophageal sphincter (p=0.039) was associated with the occurrence of laryngotracheal aspiration. Conclusion: Patients undergoing supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohioidoepiglotopexy reconstruction have food residues in different anatomical regions after swallowing. Penetration was associated with the presence of residues on the base of the tongue and posterior pharyngeal wall. Aspiration was associated with the presence of residues in the upper esophageal sphincter.

Clinical diagnosis and treatments of type Ⅱ-Ⅳ congenital laryngotracheoesophageal cleft in 8 children / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical diagnosis and treatment of congenital laryngotracheoesophageal cleft (LTEC) in children. Methods: The clinical data of 8 children (including 7 males and 1 female)with congenital laryngotracheoesophageal cleft from January 2016 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The median diagnosing age was 3.75 months (5 days to 12 months). According to the modified Benjamin Inglis classification proposed by Sandu in 2006,there were 3 cases of type Ⅱ, 3 cases of type Ⅲa, 1 case of type Ⅲb and 1 case of type Ⅳa. All children were followed up regularly. Results: Six patients were treated for recurrent bronchopneumonia and aspiration during feeding. The patients were first treated in the pneumology departmentt or intensive care unit. Six patients combined with other malformations. Endoscopic repair operations were performed in 6 cases (3 cases of type Ⅱ, 3 cases of type Ⅲ a), 1 case of LTEC was operated through cervical approach, and 1 case of type IVa LTEC associated with VACTERL was repaired under thoracoscope combined with suspension laryngoscope. Seven patients underwent tracheotomy before or during the repair operations. Gastrostomy was performed in 2 children. The operations were successfully performed in all cases. Three children with type Ⅱ LTEC recovered well and decannulated. One case of type Ⅲa was followed up for 5 months with occasionally choking while feeding. Two cases of type Ⅲa, 1 case of type Ⅲb and 1 case of type Ⅳa died due to severe reflux, tracheomalacia or respiratory failure. Conclusions: Congenital LTEC is a rare congenital malformation which is difficult to diagnose for the poor specificity of clinical manifestations. LTEC needs to be classified by endoscopy examination under general anesthesia. Severe cases of LTEC have poorer outcomes than the mild cases, and the perioperative managements need multi-disciplinary cooperation to reduce the mortality.

Profile of Laryngeal Microsurgeries in Patients Over 60 Years Old

Abstract Introduction The increase in life expectancy is an incentive to the development of researches with the elderly population aiming at actions that may ensure healthy and active aging. Objective To analyze the profile of laryngeal microsurgery performed in patients > 60 years old. Methods A retrospective observational study, with a cross-sectional design. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of elderly patients submitted to laryngeal microsurgery was performed at a private hospital in Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil, between January 2004 and December 2016. Were included all of the patients > 60 years old that underwent laryngeal microsurgery during this period. Results During the studied period, 213 laryngeal microsurgeries were performed in 181 patients > 60 years old. There was a preponderance of male patients. The mean age was 67.6 years old. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most prevalent disorder (26%), followed by Reinke edema (20%), papillomatosis (14%), polyps (11%), leukoplakia (8%), minor structural alterations (8%), associated lesions (9%), and others (4%). Men presented a higher probability of SCC diagnosis, regardless of the age group, while Reinke edema was more frequently observed in women. A directly proportional relation between the frequency of laryngeal cancer and age increase was also observed. No significant differences were observed in professional voice users. Conclusion Further researches are required to properly comprehend the factors associ- ated with laryngeal lesions and determine prevention and treatment approaches.

Short term olfactory memory and olfactory function after inhalation anesthetic agents: a randomized clinical trial / Memória olfativa de curta duração e função olfativa após anestésicos inalatórios: estudo clínico randomizado

Abstract Background and objectives: This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effects of two different inhalation anesthetic agents on postoperative olfactory memory and olfactory function in patients who underwent micro laryngeal surgery. Methods: This randomized prospective controlled study consisted of 102 consecutive patients with a voice disorder. The patients underwent micro laryngeal surgery for voice disorders under general anesthesia. Patients who did not meet inclusion criteria and/or declined to participate (n = 34) were excluded from the study. Patients were divided into two groups. Four patients from Group 1 and four patients from Group 2 were lost to follow-up. Group 1 (n = 30) received sevoflurane, and Group 2 (n = 30) received desflurane during anesthesia. We compared the results by performing the pre-op and post-op Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center Olfactory test. Results: Thirty-three patients (55%) were male and 27 (45%) were female. The mean age was 48.18 ± 13.88 years (range: 19‒70 years). Preoperative and postoperative olfactory functions did not show a significant difference within the groups postoperatively (p > 0.05). Preoperative and postoperative olfactory memory showed a significant decrease 3 hours after the surgery (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Olfactory functions and memory were not affected by desflurane in the early postoperative period. Although sevoflurane did not affect olfactory functions, it had a temporary negative effect on olfactory memory in the early postoperative period.

Resumo Introdução e objetivos: O estudo avaliou o efeito pós-operatório de dois agentes anestésicos inalatórios distintos na memória olfativa de curta duração e na função olfativa em pacientes submetidos à microcirurgia de laringe. Método: O estudo prospectivo controlado randomizado avaliou, consecutivamente, 102 pacientes com alteração vocal submetidos à microcirurgia de laringe sob anestesia geral. Trinta e quatro pacientes não obedeceram aos critérios de inclusão e/ou não aceitaram participar do estudo e foram excluídos. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos. Quatro pacientes do Grupo 1 e quatro do Grupo 2 foram perdidos durante o seguimento. O Grupo 1 (n = 30) recebeu sevoflurano durante a anestesia e o Grupo 2 (n = 30), desflurano. Comparamos resultados pré e pós-operatórios de memória olfativa e funções olfativas, realizando o Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center Olfactory test. Resultados: Foram incluídos um total de 33 (55%) homens e 27 (45%) mulheres. A idade média foi 48,18 ± 13,88 anos (variação: 19-70 anos). As funções olfativas pré e pós-operatórias não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante dentro dos grupos no pós-operatório (p > 0,05). A memória olfativa pré e pós-operatória não mostrou diminuição estatisticamente significante quando avaliada três horas após a cirurgia (p< 0,05). Conclusões: Memória e funções olfativas não foram alteradas pelo desflurano no pós-operatório imediato. Embora o sevoflurano não tenha alterado as funções olfativas, causou efeito temporário negativo na memória olfativa no pós-operatório imediato.

Development of Gun-type Tube-Guide Device of Laser Fiber / 中国医疗器械杂志

With the development of laryngeal microsurgery, the requirements for the flexibility and convenience of surgical instruments are increasing. The research on related instruments has important value for the clinical application of laryngeal microsurgery. We have redesigned a gun-type tube-guide device of laser fiber by comparing the shortcomings of existing laser fiber introducers. The innovation of this design lies in its rotating nut device with adjustable laser angle and pre-bent tip. The corresponding

Trauma laríngeo externo y fractura de cartílago tiroides: revisión de la literatura / External laryngeal trauma and thyroid cartilage fracture: a literature review

RESUMEN El trauma laríngeo constituye un grupo de lesiones infrecuentes, pero de gran importancia clínica dada su alta morbimortalidad. Requiere un alto nivel de sospecha, puesto que muchas de estas lesiones pueden pasar desapercibidas en la evaluación inicial. Se debe sospechar en todo paciente que se presenta con traumatismo cervical y síntomas que van desde la disfonía y el dolor cervical anterior, a la disnea e incluso el compromiso respiratorio severo por obstrucción de la vía aérea. El abordaje de estos pacientes debe iniciar con la evaluación de la vía aérea y asegurar su estabilidad, para luego enfocarse en el diagnóstico y manejo específico de las lesiones. Presentamos a continuación una revisión bibliográfica en cuanto a los mecanismos de trauma, presentación clínica, diagnóstico, clasificación y manejo.

ABSTRACT The laryngeal trauma constitutes a group of infrequent lesions, but with great clinical importance, given its high morbidity and mortality. It requires a high level of suspicion, since many of these injuries may go unnoticed at the initial evaluation. It should be suspected in every patient presenting with cervical trauma and symptoms ranging from dysphonia and anterior cervical pain, to dyspnea or even severe respiratory distress, due to obstruction of the airway. The approach of these patients should begin with the evaluation of the airway and ensure its stability, to then focus on the diagnosis and specific management of the lesions. We present an updated literature review regarding the mechanisms of trauma, clinical presentation, diagnosis, classification and management.

Ventilación jet durante microcirugía de múltiples mixomas laríngeos en paciente con vía respiratoria anatómicamente difícil / Jet ventilation during microsurgery of multiple laryngeal myxomas in a patient with anatomically difficult respiratory airway

Introducción: La microcirugía de laringe incluye el dilema de un campo quirúrgico que coincide espacialmente con el del acceso a la vía respiratoria del paciente. Los mixomas, sobre todo numerosos y supra-infraglóticos, representan un reto terapéutico. Si aunado a este hecho, el paciente presenta una vía respiratoria anatómicamente difícil, la fórmula de la catástrofe sólo precisa mezclarlos con un plan de ventilación convencional. En este caso, la ventilación jet puede ser la alternativa para evitar una situación de desastre. Objetivo: Describir la secuencia de hechos y los resultados al aplicar por primera vez en el país la ventilación jet vía transcricotiroidea. Caso clínico: Ante el fracaso previo de una intervención mediante un método tradicional de ventilación, en una segunda intención para exéresis de múltiples mixomas laríngeos en una paciente con vía respiratoria anatómicamente difícil, después de obtener su consentimiento informado, se procedió a anestesiar y obtener un acceso transcricotiroideo a la vía respiratoria, para ventilar con flujos jet a través de un trocar 16G. La intervención, pensada para 15 min, se extendió durante 90 sin complicaciones ventilatorias o de oxigenación. La paciente fue dada de alta sin secuelas. Conclusiones: Aplicar ventilación jet vía transcricotiroidea fue oportuno, seguro y efectivo. Las complicaciones cardiovasculares menores fueron fácilmente controlables. Se usó por primera vez la ventilación jet transcricotiroidea en el país. Este resultado estimula la asimilación de las tecnologías de ventilación jet en contextos electivos o emergentes, como el desafío de una vía respiratoria anatómicamente difícil(AU)

Introduction: The larynx microsurgery involves the dilemma of a surgical field that coincides spatially with that of access to the patient's airway. Myxomas, especially numerous and supra/subglottic, represent a therapeutic challenge. If together with this fact, the patient presents an anatomically difficult airway, the formula for the catastrophe just needs to mix both with a conventional ventilation plan. In this case, jet ventilation can be the choice to avoid a disaster situation. Objective: To describe the sequence of events and the outcomes when transcricotyroid jet ventilation was applied for the first time in the country. Clinical case: In the face of previous failure of an intervention using a traditional method of ventilation, in a second intention for exeresis of multiple laryngeal myxomas in a patient with anatomically difficult airway, after obtaining her informed consent, we proceeded to anesthetize to obtain a transcricothyroid access to the respiratory tract, to ventilate with jet flows through a 16G trocar. The intervention, planned for 15 min, was extended for 90 minutes without ventilatory or oxygenation complications. The patient was discharged without sequelae. Conclusions: Transcricotyroid jet ventilation was timely, safe and effective. Minor cardiovascular complications were easily controllable. Transcricotyroid jet ventilation was used for the first time in the country. This outcome stimulates the assimilation of jet ventilation technologies in elective or emerging contexts, such as the challenge of an anatomically difficult airway(AU)

Laryngotracheal separation in pediatric patients: 13-year experience in a reference service / Separação laringotraqueal em pacientes pediátricos: 13 anos de experiência em um serviço de referência

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate clinical stability of neurologically impaired children and adolescents with recurrent pneumonia submitted to laryngotracheal separation. Methods: Between October 2002 and June 2015, 92 neurologically impaired children from a reference service, with median age of 68.5 months were submitted to laryngotracheal separation. Data were evaluated and statistical analysis was made by Student's t test and Pearson's χ2 test (significance level adopted of 95%). Results: Fifty-three children were male (57.6%). Forty-six children required admission to intensive care, and 42.4% needed mechanical ventilation. We observed that 90.2% of patients were exclusively fed by gastrostomy and 72.4% of the gastrostomies were performed before the tracheal surgery. Thirteen (14.1%) children had postoperative complications as follows: fistulae (5.4%), bleeding (4.3%), granuloma (2.2%) and stenosis (3.2%). A total of 24 patients had pneumonia in the postoperative period (26.1%), but there was a significant drop in occurrence of this condition after surgery (100% versus 26.1%; p<0.001). Twenty-three patients (25%) died. Postoperative complications were similar when comparing patients who died and those that presented good outcome (16.7% versus 13.2%; p=0.73). Conclusion: When well-indicated, the laryngotracheal separation reduces the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infections, thus improving quality of life and reducing admissions to hospital. Laryngotracheal separation should be indicated as a primary procedure in patients with cerebral palsy and recurrent aspiration pneumonia.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a estabilidade clínica da criança e do adolescente neuropata com episódios de pneumonia de repetição submetidos a procedimento cirúrgico de separação laringotraqueal. Métodos: Entre outubro 2002 a junho 2015, 92 crianças neuropatas de um único serviço com idade mediana de 68,5 meses foram submetidas à separação laringotraqueal. Os dados foram avaliados e foi realizada análise estatística pelo teste t de Student e pelo teste do χ2 de Pearson, com nível de significância adotado de 95%. Resultados: Dentre as 92 crianças, 53 eram do sexo masculino (57,6%). Quarenta e seis crianças necessitaram de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva, e 42,4% fizeram uso de ventilação mecânica. Dessas crianças, 90,2% alimentavam-se exclusivamente via gastrostomia, e 72,4% foram realizadas antes da separação laringotraqueal. As complicações pós-operatórias ocorreram em 13 crianças (14,1%), na seguinte ordem: fístula (5,4%), sangramento (4,3%), granuloma (2,2%) e estenose (3,2%). Observaram-se 24 episódios de pneumonia no período pós-operatório (26,1%). Houve diminuição significativa de ocorrência de pneumonias após a cirurgia (100% versus 26,1%, p<0,001). Óbito foi registrado em 23 pacientes (25%). A frequência de complicações pós-operatórias foi semelhante entre os pacientes que evoluíram ou não para óbito (16,7% versus 13,2%; p=0,73). Conclusão: A cirurgia bem indicada reduz o número de infecção pulmonar após o procedimento, melhorando a qualidade de vida desses pacientes e, consequentemente, reduzindo o número de internações. A separação laringotraqueal deve ser indicada como procedimento primário nos pacientes com paralisia cerebral e episódios repetidos de pneumonia aspirativa.

Lipossarcoma de laringe: relato de caso / Laryngeal liposarcoma: a case report

O lipossarcoma de laringe é uma neoplasia extremamente rara, acomete principalmente o sexo masculino, principalmente na quinta década de vida. Existindo apenas cerca de 40 casos descritos na literatura, desses nenhum em língua portuguesa. O presente caso relata o diagnóstico em um paciente do sexo masculino, 57 anos, ex-tabagista, apresentando alteração de voz e obstrução de via área. Foi optado por ressecção cirúrgica completa com achados sugestivos de lipossarcoma bem diferenciado. Foi optado por manter seguimento, não tendo sido indicado quimioterapia e radioterapia adjuvantes.(AU)

Laryngeal liposarcoma is an extremely rare neoplasm that affects especially men in the fifth decade of life. There are only about 40 cases described in the literature, none of them in the Portuguese language. We report the case of a 57-year-old, former smoker man presenting with voice disorders and airway obstruction. We opted for complete surgical resection with findings suggestive of well-differentiated liposarcoma. We chose to keep following the patient, and no adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were indicated. (AU)

Seguridad y efectividad de la ventilación a chorro con frecuencias ventilatorias convencionales para microcirugía laríngea electiva / Safety and effectiveness of jet ventilation with conventional ventilatory frequencies for elective microlaryngeal surgery

Introducción: La ventilación al paciente durante la microcirugía laríngea confronta varios problemas. La ventilación a chorro tipo jet con frecuencias ventilatorias convencionales permite usar catéteres endotraqueales de pequeño diámetro para aportar volúmenes adecuados de oxígeno y proporciona mejores condiciones operatorias que el método tradicional. Objetivo: Evaluar la seguridad y efectividad de la ventilación jet con frecuencias ventilatorias convencionales para microcirugía laríngea electiva en comparación con la ventilación convencional. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio comparativo, a simple ciego, aleatorizado y paralelo. Se trabajó con un prototipo de dispositivo de ventilación jet con permiso de uso excepcional en seres humanos (autorización excepcional No: 004/17 para realización de estudio piloto, con fecha 2 de agosto de 2017, conferido por el CECMED). Se utilizó un grupo estudio de 45 pacientes (grupo E) y se comparó con un grupo control (grupo C) de 15 pacientes ventilados mediante el método tradicional. Resultados: La oxigenación resultó superior dentro del grupo E. El grupo C requirió eventualmente de extubación, apnea transitoria y reintubación, lo que repercutió en contra de la integridad anatomofisiológica de los pacientes, del campo operatorio y la docencia. Fue evidente una mayor estabilidad hemodinámica entre los sujetos del grupo E. Las presiones intrapulmonares producidas por la ventilación jet no provocaron lesiones ni repercusión clínica evidentes. Conclusiones: Aplicar la ventilación a chorro con frecuencias ventilatorias convencionales fue seguro y efectivo. Por primera vez se obtienen experiencias de utilización de un método de ventilación jet en el país. El grupo en el que se aplicó la ventilación convencional sufrió complicaciones más frecuentes y peligrosas. Es necesario asimilar las tecnologías de ventilación jet para elevar la calidad de la atención médica en tiempos de paz, de guerra o desastres, en contextos electivos, o emergentes como el desafío de una vía respiratoria difícil(AU)

Introduction: Ventilation to the patient during microlaryngeal surgery confronts several problems. Jet ventilation with conventional ventilatory frequencies allows the use of small diameter endotracheal catheters to provide adequate oxygen volumes and provide better operating conditions than the traditional method. Objective: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of jet ventilation with conventional ventilatory frequencies for elective microlaryngeal surgery in comparison to conventional ventilation. Methods: A comparative, single-blind, randomized and parallel study was performed. It was used a prototype of jet ventilation device with an exceptional use permit in humans (exceptional authorization No: 004/17 for conducting a pilot study, dated August 2, 2017, conferred by the CECMED). A study group of 45 patients (group E) was used and compared with a control group (group C) of 15 patients using the traditional ventilation method. Results: Oxygenation was higher in group E. Group C eventually required extubation, transitory apnea and reintubation, which impacted against the anatomophysiological integrity of patients, the operative field and teaching. A greater hemodynamic stability was evident among the subjects of group E. The intrapulmonary pressures produced by jet ventilation did not cause obvious injuries or clinical repercussions. Conclusions: Applying jet ventilation with conventional ventilatory frequencies was safe and effective. For the first time, experiences of using a jet ventilation method in the country were obtained. The group in which conventional ventilation was applied suffered more frequent and dangerous complications. It is necessary to assimilate jet ventilation´s technologies to raise the quality of medical attention in times of peace, war or disasters, in elective or emerging contexts as the challenge of a difficult airway(AU)

Tratamiento endoscópico de una hendidura laríngea posterior: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Endoscopic treatment of a laryngeal cleft: case report and literature review

RESUMEN Las hendiduras laríngeas posteriores son anomalías congénitas de la laringe de baja incidencia que comprometen la región interaritenoidea o la lámina cricoidea. En caso de extenderse hasta la tráquea son denominados clefts laringo-tráqueo-esofágicos. Su clínica es inespecífica y debe sospecharse en todo niño con trastorno de deglución y neumonía aspirativa a repetición. A continuación, presentamos un caso de un cleft laríngeo tipo 2 tratado endoscópicamente.

ABSTRACT The posterior laryngeal clefts are congenital anomalies of the larynx of low incidence that comprise the interaritenoid region or the cricoid lamina. In case of extending to the trachea they are called laryngo-tracheo-esophagic clefts. Its clinic is non-specific and should be suspected in any child with swallowing disorder and aspiration pneumonia. We present a case of an endoscopically treated laryngeal cleft type 2.

Incisão em abordagem única por meio de técnica de retalho deltopeitoral para reconstrução de traqueostomia em paciente submetido à radioterapia após laringectomia / One stage "slit" deltopectoral flap technique for end tracheostomy reconstruction in irradiated postlaryngectomy patient

Reconstruir lesão do estoma traqueal em pacientes submetidos a laringectómica total é um desafio, especialmente, quando a pele do perístoma está lesionada devido à radioterapia. A reconstrução é complexa e geralmente requer mais de uma abordagem. Apresenta-se técnica simples utilizada com sucesso em paciente de 80 anos com deiscência de lesão do estoma traqueal e retração da traqueia.

Reconstruction of tracheal stoma wound in patients who undergone total laryngectomy is challenging especially when the peristomal skin is unhealthy due to radi therapy. The reconstruction is complex and usually requires more than one stage. We present a simple techniqued successfully used in an 80-year-old patient with dehisced tracheal stoma wound and retraction of trachea.

Characteristics of polypoid lesions in patients undergoing microsurgery of the larynx

Dysphonia is the main symptom of lesions that affect the vocal tract. Many of those lesions may require surgical treatment. Polyps are one of the most common forms of vocal cord lesions and the most prevalent indication for laryngeal microsurgery. There are different types of polyps, and their different characteristics can indicate different prognosis and treatments. AIM: To conduct a comparative study of polypoid lesions (angiomatous and gelatinous) in patients undergoing laryngeal microsurgery via an electronic protocol. METHOD: We prospectively evaluated 93 patients diagnosed with vocal fold polyps; the polyps were classified as angiomatous or gelatinous. RESULTS: In total, 93 patients undergoing laryngeal microsurgery were diagnosed with vocal fold polyps. Of these, 63 (64.74%) had angiomatous and 30 (32.26%) gelatinous polyps. Most patients with angiomatous polyps were men; their polyps were frequently of medium size, positioned in the middle third of the vocal fold, and accompanied by minimal structural alterations (MSA). In contrast, the majority of patients with gelatinous polyps were women; their polyps were smaller, positioned in the middle and posterior third of the vocal fold, and were not accompanied by MSA. Both types of polyps were more frequently located on the right vocal fold. CONCLUSION: Angiomatous polyps were more frequently encountered than gelatinous polyps. In addition, correlations between polyp type and sex, polyp size, position, location, and the presence of MSA were observed. Different surgical techniques were used, but the postoperative results were similar and satisfactory after speech therapy...

Disfonía del niño por membrana laríngea congénita: Serie de casos / Dysphonia in children due to congenital laryngeal web: Case series

La disfonía es frecuente en el niño. La causa principal es el abuso o mal uso de la voz. Con menor frecuencia puede ser de origen congénito, neoplásico, infeccioso, neurológico o iatrogénico. La membrana laríngea es una anomalía congénita rara que resulta de la recanalización incompleta de la laringe primitiva. Debe pensarse en esta patología en todo recién nacido con llanto disfónico, acompañado o no de estridor y difcultad respiratoria. El diagnóstico se confrma mediante el examen endoscópico. La conducta terapéutica dependerá de la extensión y espesor de la membrana, y de la gravedad de los síntomas. Describimos nuestra experiencia con 8 pacientes que presentaban esta patología, y enfatizamos la necesidad de reconocer los trastornos de la voz y de evaluar la vía aérea en todo recién nacido, lactante o niño con disfonía persistente, a fn de establecer el diagnóstico preciso y el tratamiento adecuado.

Dysphonia is common in children. Its main cause is the abuse or misuse of the voice. Congenital, neoplastic, infectious, neurological or iatrogenic causes are less frequent. The laryngeal web is a rare congenital anomaly resulting from an incomplete recanalization of the primitive larynx. This condition should be suspected in any newborn with dysphonic cry with or without stridor and respiratory distress. The diagnosis is confrmed by endoscopic examination. Therapy depends on the extent and thickness of the membrane and the severity of the symptoms. We describe our experience with 8 patients suffering this condition, and we emphasize the need to recognize voice disorders and to evaluate the airway for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment in every newborn, infant or child with persistent dysphonia.

Laryngeal Leishmaniasis

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is classified into three clinical presentations: visceral, coetaneous and mucocutaneous. The latter is usually secondary to hematogenous spread after months or years of skin infection and can manifest as infiltrative lesions, ulcerated or vegetating in nose, pharynx, larynx and mouth, associated or not with ganglionics infarction. Laryngeal involvement is part of the differential diagnosis of lesions in this topography as nonspecific chronic laryngitis, granulomatosis and even tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract presenting atypical evolution. Sometimes it is difficult for the correct diagnosis of Leishmaniasis, with description of cases in the literature were conducted improperly. Objective: The objective of this study is to report a case of laryngeal Leishmaniasis addressing the difficulty of diagnosis, complications and treatment applied. Case Report: A patient with pain throat, dysphagia, odynophagia, dysphonia and weight loss, with no improvement with symptomatic medication. At telelaringoscopy, infiltrative lesion showed nodular supraglottis. He underwent a tracheotomy for airway obstruction and biopsy with immunohistochemical study for a definitive diagnosis of laryngeal Leishmaniasis. The patient was referred to the infectious diseases that initiated treatment with N-methylglucamine antimoniate with satisfactory response to therapy. Final Comments: Faced with a clinical suspicion of granulomatous diseases, it is essential to follow protocol laboratory evaluation associated with histological injury, to get a precise definition etiological without prolonging the time of diagnosis. Medical treatment for mucosal Leishmaniasis, recommended by the World Health Organization, was adequate in the case of laryngeal disorders, with complete resolution of symptoms...

Laryngeal sequelae of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis surgery in children

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate laryngeal sequelae from surgical treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in children, as well as associated risk factors. METHODS: Case-control study. Medical record data analysis of 50 children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, divided into two groups: with and without laryngeal sequelae. The group of patients with laryngeal sequelae was compared to those without sequelae in regard to the onset of disease, age at first surgery, number and frequency of surgeries, disease stage, and type of surgery (CO2 laser, cold forceps). RESULTS: 23 patients (46%) sustained laryngeal sequelae. The most frequent sequela was anterior commissure synechia (17 patients [34%]), followed by glottic stenosis (six patients [12%]). There was no statistically significant difference between groups with and without laryngeal sequelae regarding the disease onset (p = 0.93), age at first surgery (p = 0.68), number of surgeries (p = 0.22), annual frequency of surgery (p = 0.93), presence of papilloma in anterior (p = 0.430) or posterior commissure (p = 0.39), and type of surgery (p = 0.27). The Derkay anatomical score (a staging system that assesses the extent of the disease in the aerodigestive tract) was significantly higher in the laryngeal sequelae group (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Laryngeal sequelae are a frequent complication of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis surgical treatment in children, particularly anterior commissure synechiae and glottic stenosis. Advanced stages are associated with increased risk of laryngeal sequelae after surgery.